Bioaccumulation assessment of nanomaterials using freshwater invertebrate species

Abstract Background The high production volume of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) may lead to pressure on the environment, and a scientific assessment ENMs that bioaccumulate in organisms biomagnify food web is necessary. Within regulation chemicals several jurisdictions, such as European REACH, bioconcentration factor standard endpoint. mostly determined by flow-through fish tests. However, tend agglomerate, which sedimentation aquatic environments. bioavailability tested be thus impaired for pelagic species, including fish, comparison benthic or filtrating species. Several risk regulations allow usage data gained during tests using invertebrates waiver further vertebrates. aim this study was elucidate potential different freshwater invertebrate species used laboratory bioaccumulation studies give some guidance use endpoints derived from process ENMs. Results existing literature related testing nanomaterial with screened reviewed find suitable test regard their ecology physiology, well systems allowing investigate bioavailability/bioaccumulation respective Bivalvia, gastropoda, isopoda, amphipoda, branchiopoda were suitability assessed. Amphipods bivalves represent worst-case scenarios show clear advantages organisms. only amphipods examination two clearly independent exposure pathways (water diet). Conclusion are results amphipod biomagnification can included tiered suggested at end grading “bioaccumulative” “non bioaccumulative.” Due scenario test, approach vertebrate